Landscape - Definition

Landscape photography is photography taken in landscape orientation, usually depicting vast areas of the planet, whether they are natural or urban. The are usually taken using a wide angle lens, therefore they show a large amount of the horizon.

Composite/Manipulated Images - Definitions

Composite images are images that are made by combining several distinct photographs.

Manipulated images are images that have been changed in an editing program to create a desired image.

Photo documentary - Definition

Photo Documentary is a type of photography that documents life, usually taken at import events that will go down in history e.g. photos of people during a war. Photo Documentary generally is pictures of people, although it can be pictures of animals, or places that have been affected by people.
Some of the most famous Photo Documentary photographers include Henri Cartier Bresson, Bill Brandt and Berenice Abbot.

Portraiture - Definition

Portraiture is the art of creating portraits. A portrait is defined as an image of a person, usually taken of the head and shoulders. It is taken with a portrait orientation, hence the name portrait.
Portraits in Photography are usually made to express a certain emotion that the person in the photo is feeling at the time of taking the photo. They can be taken in s studio, so that you can control the conditions and get a very blank background, or they can be taken outside the studio, if you want some more interesting backgrounds and more natural lighting.

Joiners - Definition

In photography, Joiners are images that are made up of lots of different photos, which create one big image. Although they create one big image, the images do not align neatly, therefore create an image of lots of overlapping parts. Here are some examples of Joiners.

David Hockney was one of the pioneers of the style. He was originally an artist, but during the early 1980s, he decided he wanted to try out photography. At first he didn't like how restricted photography was compared to painting, so he decided he should not create pictures in a single image, but in many, and have the pictures joined together unevenly to create a disorganised and broken up image.

Depth - Definition

Depth, or Depth Of Field, refers to the zone of the photo which is sharp and in focus and how big this area is. If the area that is in focus is large, we refer to it as a large depth of field. A large depth of field will usually mean most or all of the photo is in focus. On the other hand, if the area that is in focus is small and the rest of the image is defocussed, we refer to it as a narrow or shallow depth of field.
Here is an example of an image with a wide depth of field.

As you can see, most of the picture is sharp and in focus. Now here is an example of an image with a narrow depth of field.

As you can see, only a small area on the chain is in focus, and the rest is defocussed.

Movement - Definition

Movement is what happens between being in one position/ place and another position/ place. You can move at any speed or in any way you want, and each speed or way or moving will effect how your movement is captured in an image. A fast shutter speed would capture lots of motion in a freeze frame style,  so it appears as if subject of the photo is frozen mid movement. However,  a slow shutter speed would capture lots of motion over a long period of time,  meaning the image will have lots of motion blur.

Definition - Reflection

A reflection is a mirror of an image. The mirrored image is identical, only it has been flipped around, so it is the exact opposite of the other image. This creates one perfectly symmetrical image.

Here is an example of a reflection to better explain what reflection is. As you can see, there is a cat standing on a mirror, which is a reflective device. Inside the mirror, you can see the exact same image of the cat as you can see with the actual kitten, however it has been inverted, creating a perfectly symmetrical image. You can also get reflections where you cannot see the original image symmetrical image as it is not touching it.

Here is an example of this. As you can see, there are not two instances of the image like in the photograph above, but only the reflected one, which is an inverted version of the original image. 

Shape - Definition

Shape is defined as a formation of lines that join. They are two dimensional, unlike a form, which is a three dimensional shape. There are two types of shape. Firstly, there are Geometrical shapes, such as a square or a triangle, which have a set number of sides and set angles, each of which has a specific name. Also, there are irregular shapes, which can have any number of sides, and the angles are not pre-determined. These shapes do not have specific names. Below is a picture of some regular shapes, followed by a picture of some irregular shapes.

Definition - Tone

Tone is defined as the lightness or darkness of something. It can be a shade or how dark/light an object can be. Tone can set the mood of a piece of photography. E.g, a photograph with lots of dark tones would create a dark mood, however a piece with lots of light tones will create a lighter mood.
There can be a large range of tones,ranging from dark to light, or there can be two very clear and contrasting tones.
A word to describe the range of tone is Gamut.

Texture - Definitions

Texture is defined as the tactile quality to an object or a surface. Although we cannot feel texture in a photo, it can be presented visually. When an object appears to have lots of contours and rough edges, it will likely feel rough and bumpy, however, if the image appears to have no sharp edges and smooth curves it will likely feel smooth to the touch.

Form - Definitions

In Art and Photography, Form is one of the seven formal elements. A forms defined simply as a three dimensional shape. However, in a broader sense, form is a piece's visible elements and how they unite.
Certain forms could create certain emotions from a photograph, for example, a form with sharp, jagged adages could create a sense of tension and hostility. On the other hand, forms with less edges and a lower amount of edges could be more inviting and friendly than those with lots of sharp edges.

Pattern - definition

A pattern is defined as a repeated, decorative design. It can be man made, or a naturally occurring design. A pattern can provide a sense of structure and organisation as it is repeated over and over again.

Colour definitions

Colour- what you get back from an object when the light the struck it reflects back into your eyes.
Colour is one of the most important aspects of photography. The colours in a photograph will change the way we see it and the message it gives.
 For example, images theta are dark/dull in colour can give an effect of sadness, however, bright, saturated colours will make the picture seem happy and cheerful.

There are many different types of colour and ways to describe colour.
Firstly, the level of saturation in the colour is how intense and bright it is. The higher the saturation level, the brighter and more vivid the colour is.

Some colours can be described as muted colours, meaning they have den mixed with grey to create a grey, muted tone.

There are also Analogous colours. These are colours that are parallel to each other on the colour wheel, meaning they go well together in the same photography or piece of art.

Lines - definitions

Certain types of line can mean different things.
Horizontal lines can imply peace and relaxation as they are as if they are lying down asleep.

Vertical lines, however, imply power and strength as they are rising up. They also imply potential energy as they can be tall and will release a lot of energy if they fall.

Then, there are diagonal lines which imply instability, as they look as they are a vertical line mid way into falling over. They means they also suggest uncontrolled power. Diagonal lines make photographs dramatic.

Curved lines, much like straight lines, imply peace, however, they have a sense of unpredictability as they are changing direction between points. They also express fluid, smooth movement.

An effective technique in photography is leading lines. Leading lines, such as those used in the image below, are prominent lines in a photo that are designed to lead you to a certain place in the photograph. This is very effective if you have a impressive background which you would like to draw attention to such as the one below.